AC T00253
XX
ID T00253
XX
DT 15.10.1992 (created); ewi.
CO Copyright (C), QIAGEN.
XX
FA En
XX
SY En; Engrailed.
XX
OS fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster
OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; arthropoda; insecta; diptera; drosophiloidea; drosophilidae
XX
GE G000098 en.
XX
HO En-1, En-2 (vertebrates).
XX
CL C0006; homeo.
XX
SZ 552 AA; 59.4 kDa (cDNA) (calc.), 69 kDa (SDS)
XX
SQ MALEDRCSPQSAPSPITLQMQHLHHQQQQQQQQQQQMQHLHQLQQLQQLHQQQLAAGVFH
SQ HPAMAFDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHAHAAALQQRLSGSGSPASCSTPASSTPLTIKEEESDSV
SQ IGDMSFHNQTHTTNEEEEAEEDDDIDVDVDDTSAGGRLPPPAHQQQSTAKPSLAFSISNI
SQ LSDRFGDVQKPGKSIENQASIFRPFEANRSQTATPSAFTRVDLLEFSRQQQAAAAAATAA
SQ MMLERANFLNCFNPAAYPRIHEEIVQSRLRRSAANAVIPPPMSSKMSDANPEKSALGSLC
SQ KAVSQIGQPAAPTMTQPPLSSSASSLASPPPASNASTISSTSSVATSSSSSSSGCSSAAS
SQ SLNSSPSSRLGASGSGVNASSPQPQPIPPPSAVSRDSGMESSDDTRSETGSTTTEGGKNE
SQ MWPAWVYCTRYSDRPSSGPRYRRPKQPKDKTNDEKRPRTAFSSEQLARLKREFNENRYLT
SQ ERRRQQLSSELGLNEAQIKIWFQNKRAKIKKSTGSKNPLALQLMAQGLYNHTTVPLTKEE
SQ EELEMRMNGQIP
XX
SC Swiss-Prot#P02836
XX
FT 452 512 
PS50071; HOMEOBOX_2.
FT 454 516 
SM00389; HOX_1.
FT 455 511 
PF00046; Homeobox domain.
XX
SF specific DNA-binding through the homeo domain [1];
SF overlapping DNA-binding specificity with Ftz [11] [1] [5];
SF cooperative DNA-binding with Exd [10];
SF crystal structure (co-crystals with DNA): three alpha-helices, helix 3 operating as DNA recognition helix binding to the major groove [7];
SF conserved residues W501 and F502 are part of a hydrophobic core between the backs of the nearly perpendicularly arranged helices 3 and 1 [7];
SF 8 AA N-terminal to helix 1 bind to the minor groove [7];
SF transferable Ala-rich repressor domain of 55 AA [13] [8];
SF En may also possess activating domains [13];
XX
FF active repressor;
FF segment polarity gene [6] [8];
FF also competing with TFIID for TATA-binding, thereby repressing transcription [9];
FF for gene repression, it depends on the simultaneous presence of transcription activators [13];
FF expression is initially activated by pair-rule gene products (e. g., Ftz, Prd, Zen) which may act synergistically [16] [18] [19];
FF probably through an indirect mechanism, En activates its own transcription [3];
FF subsequently, the gene wingless (wg) encodes a signalling molecule in neighboring cells which is required for maintenance of en expression giving rise to a positive autoregulation of En [17];
FF later, autoregulation becomes wg-independent [17];
XX
IN T01482 Exd; fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster.
IN T02451 groucho; fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster.
XX
MX M02338 I$EN_01.
MX M07791 I$EN_02.
MX M00696 I$EN_Q6.
XX
BS R00998.
BS R01670.
BS R02483.
BS R09578.
BS R17977.
BS R17978.
BS R17979.
BS R17980.
BS R17981.
BS R00411.
BS R00412.
BS R00414.
BS R01781.
BS R01782.
BS R01783.
BS R00757.
BS R17928.
BS R17929.
BS R17930.
BS R17931.
BS R17932.
BS R17933.
BS R17934.
BS R17922.
BS R17923.
BS R17924.
BS R17925.
BS R17926.
BS R17927.
BS R01528.
BS R01529.
BS R17349.
BS R17357.
BS R17581.
BS R17582.
BS R17585.
BS R01784.
BS R01785.
BS R01786.
BS R02507.
XX
DR TRANSPATH: MO000024806.
DR EMBL: K03055;
DR EMBL: K03056;
DR EMBL: K03057;
DR EMBL: K03058;
DR EMBL: M10017;
DR EMBL: M29285;
DR UniProtKB: P02836;
DR FLYBASE: FBgn0000577; en.
DR PDB: 1enh.
DR PDB: 1hdd.
XX
RN [1]; RE0000063.
RX PUBMED: 3046753.
RA Desplan C., Theis J., O'Farrell P. H.
RT The sequence specificity of homeodomain-DNA interaction
RL Cell 54:1081-1090 (1988).
RN [2]; RE0000131.
RX PUBMED: 2897243.
RA Biggin M. D., Tjian R.
RT Transcription factors that activate the Ultrabithorax promoter in developmentally staged extracts
RL Cell 53:699-711 (1988).
RN [3]; RE0001403.
RX PUBMED: 2573829.
RA Kassis J. A., Desplan C., Wright D. K., O'Farrell P. H.
RT Evolutionary Conservation of Homeodomain-Binding Sites and Other Sequences Upstream and within the Major Transcription Unit of the Drosophila Segmentation Gene engrailed
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4304-4311 (1989).
RN [4]; RE0001936.
RX PUBMED: 1350328.
RA Patel N. H., Ball E. E., Goodman C. S.
RT Changing role of even-skipped during the evolution of insect pattern formation
RL Nature 357:339-342 (1992).
RN [5]; RE0002306.
RX PUBMED: 2879282.
RA Fainsod A., Bogarad L. D., Ruusala T., Lubin M., Crothers D. M., Ruddle F. H.
RT The homeo domain of a murine protein binds 5' to its own homeo box
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:9532-9536 (1986).
RN [6]; RE0002736.
RX PUBMED: 1970761.
RA Ohkuma Y., Horikoshi M., Roeder R. G., Desplan C.
RT Binding site-dependent direct activation and repression of in vitro transcription by Drosophila homeodomain proteins
RL Cell 61:475-484 (1990).
RN [7]; RE0002779.
RX PUBMED: 1977522.
RA Kissinger C. R., Liu B., Martin-Blanco E., Kornberg T. B., Pabo C. O.
RT Crystal structure of an engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex at 2.8 A resolution: a framework for understanding homeodomain-DNA interactions
RL Cell 63:579-590 (1990).
RN [8]; RE0002794.
RX PUBMED: 1673924.
RA Jaynes J. B., O'Farrell P. H.
RT Active repression of transcription by the Engrailed homeodomain protein
RL EMBO J. 10:1427-1433 (1991).
RN [9]; RE0002826.
RX PUBMED: 1969159.
RA Ohkuma Y., Horikoshi M., Roeder R. G., Desplan C.
RT Engrailed, a homeodomain protein, can repress in vitro transcription by competition with the TATA box-binding protein transcription factor IID
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:2289-2293 (1990).
RN [10]; RE0004954.
RX PUBMED: 7915200.
RA van Dijk M. A., Murre C.
RT extradenticle raises the DNA binding specificity of homeotic selector gene products
RL Cell 78:617-624 (1994).
RN [11]; RE0005033.
RX PUBMED: 4079979.
RA Desplan C., Theis J., Farrell P. H.
RT The Drosophila development gene engrailed encodes a sequence specific DNA-binding activity
RL Nature 318:630-835 (1985).
RN [12]; RE0005034.
RX PUBMED: 3917855.
RA Poole S. J., Kauvar L. M., Drees B., Kornberg T.
RT The engrailed locus of Drosophila: Structural analysis of an embryonic transcript.
RL Cell 40:37-43 (1985).
RN [13]; RE0005035.
RX PUBMED: 8334991.
RA Han K., Manley J. L.
RT Functional domains of the Drosophila Engrailed protein
RL EMBO J. 12:2723-2733 (1993).
RN [14]; RE0005036.
RX PUBMED: 3935318.
RA DiNardo S., Kuner J., Theis J., Farrell P. H.
RT Development of embryonic pattern in D. melanogaster as revealed by accumulation of the nuclear engrailed protein
RL Cell 43:59-69 (1985).
RN [15]; RE0005037.
RX PUBMED: 4069216.
RA Weir M. P., Kornberg T.
RT Patterns of engrailed and fushi tarazu transcripts reveal novel intermediate stages in Drosophila segmentation
RL Nature 318:433-439 (1985).
RN [16]; RE0005038.
RX PUBMED: 2563673.
RA Han K., Levine M. S., Manley J. L.
RT Synergistic activation and repression of transcription by Drosophila homeobox proteins
RL Cell 56:573-583 (1989).
RN [17]; RE0005039.
RX PUBMED: 1861720.
RA Heemskerk J., DiNardo S., Kostriken R., Farrell P. H.
RT Multiple modes of engrailed regulation in the progression towards cell fate determination
RL Nature 352:404-410 (1991).
RN [18]; RE0005040.
RX PUBMED: 3123316.
RA DiNardo S., Farrell P. H.
RT Establishment and refinement of segmental pattern in the Drosophila embryo: spatial control of engrailed expression by pair rule genes
RL Genes Dev. 1:1212-1225 (1987).
RN [19]; RE0005041.
RX PUBMED: 3955654.
RA Howard K., Ingham P.
RT Regulatory interactions between the segmentation genes fushi tarazu, hairy and engrailed in the Drosophila blastoderm
RL Cell 44:949-957 (1986).
RN [20]; RE0005042.
RX PUBMED: 1335365.
RA Siegfried E., Chou T. -B., Perrimon N.
RT wingless siganlling acts through zeste-white 3, the Drosophila homolog of glycogen synthase kinase-3, to regulate engrailed and establish cell fate
RL Cell 71:1167-1179 (1992).
RN [21]; RE0005043.
RX PUBMED: 2481829.
RA Fjose A., McGinnis W., Gehring W. J.
RT Isolation of a homoeo box-containing gene from the engrailed region of Drosophila and the spatial distribution of its transcripts
RL Nature 313:284-289 (1985).
RN [22]; RE0015328.
RX PUBMED: 7902124.
RA Kalionis B., O'Farrell P. H.
RT A universal target sequence is bound in vitro by diverse homeodomains
RL Mech. Dev. 43:57-70 (1993).
XX
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