AC T02736
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ID T02736
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DT 01.06.1999 (created); mpr.
DT 13.09.2013 (updated); asv.
CO Copyright (C), QIAGEN.
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FA PPARgamma1
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SY NR1C3; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PPARgamma.
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OS human, Homo sapiens
OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; primates
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GE G004022 PPARG; HGNC: PPARG.
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CL C0002; CC (rec); 2.1.2.5.3.1.
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SZ 477 AA; 54.7 kDa (cDNA) (calc.).
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SQ MTMVDTEMPFWPTNFGISSVDLSVMEDHSHSFDIKPFTTVDFSSISTPHYEDIPFTRTDP
SQ VVADYKYDLKLQEYQSAIKVEPASPPYYSEKTQLYNKPHEEPSNSLMAIECRVCGDKASG
SQ FHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAI
SQ RFGRMPQAEKEKLLAEISSDIDQLNPESADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGK
SQ TTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQEQSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYA
SQ KSIPGFVNLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLASLMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPF
SQ GDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVIILSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQ
SQ LKLNHPESSQLFAKLLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQLLQVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY
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SC translated from EMBL:L40904
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SF One of four known variants of T05351;
SF PPARgamma2 is a isoform with 28 additional N-terminal amino acids in comparison with gamma1 [6];
SF PPARgamma binds to DNA as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) T01345, T01334 [7];
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CP adipocytes, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, spleen, testis, brain and liver [6]; adipocytes, large intestine (high level), kidney, liver, small intestine (intermediate level) [9] [6] [9].
EX mouse, Mus musculus,,,embryo; detectable; Northern blot; RNA (undefined); [24].
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FF ligand: thiazolidinediones and prostaglandin J derivatives [25];
FF binds to PPRE [25];
FF activator as a heterodimer with RXR-alpha;
FF predominant isoform of PPAR-gamma in man [9];
FF ligands: fibrates, fatty acids, prostanoids, thiazolidinediones (anti-diabetic drugs) [2];
FF one of the key regulators of adipogenesis;
FF mRNA for gamma1 is slow and progressively increased upon insulin treatment [10];
FF mRNA expression is up-regulated by another adipocyte differentiation factor SREBP [11];
FF ligand binding results in conformational alterations and direct binding to coactivator CBP [12];
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IN T02214 CBP-isoform1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T15118 CBP; Mammalia.
IN T19195 PDIP1-beta; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T19193 PDIP1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T01345 RXR-alpha; human, Homo sapiens.
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MX M00763 V$PPARDR1_Q2.
MX M00512 V$PPARG_01.
MX M00515 V$PPARG_02.
MX M00528 V$PPARG_03.
MX M01270 V$PPARG_Q6.
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BS R29979.
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DR TRANSPATH: MO000019615.
DR EMBL: AF012873; AF012873.
DR EMBL: L40904; HSPPARGB.
DR UniProtKB: P37231-2;
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RN [1]; RE0011205.
RX PUBMED: 8521498.
RA Kliewer S. A., Lenhard J. M., Willson T. M., Patel I., Morris D. C., Lehmann J. M.
RT A prostaglandin J2 metabolite binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and promotes adipocyte differentiation
RL Cell 83:813-819 (1995).
RN [2]; RE0011947.
RX PUBMED: 7768881.
RA Lehmann J. M., Moore L. B., Smith-Oliver T. A., Wilkison W. O., Willson T. M., Kliewer S. A.
RT An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma).
RL J. Biol. Chem. 270:12953-12956 (1995).
RN [3]; RE0013621.
RX PUBMED: 7787419.
RA Greene M. E., Blumberg B., McBride O. W., Yi H. F., Kronquist K., Kwan K., Hsieh L., Greene G., Nimer S. D.
RT Isolation of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma cDNA: expression in hematopoietic cells and chromosomal mapping
RL Gene Expr. 4:281-299 (1995).
RN [4]; RE0013622.
RX PUBMED: 7862171.
RA Qi J. S., Desai-Yajnik V., Greene M. E., Raaka B. M., Samuels H. H.
RT The ligand-binding domains of the thyroid hormone/retinoid receptor gene subfamily function in vivo to mediate heterodimerization, gene silencing, and transactivation
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1817-1825 (1995).
RN [5]; RE0013625.
RX PUBMED: 10219237.
RA Nuclear Receptors Nomenclature Committee.
RT A unified nomenclature system for the nuclear receptor superfamily
RL Cell 97:161-163 (1999).
RN [6]; RE0015014.
RX PUBMED: 8702406.
RA Elbrecht A., Chen Y., Cullinan C. A., Hayes N., Leibowitz M. D., Moller D. E., Berger J.
RT Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of human peroxisome proliferator activated receptors gamma 1 and gamma 2
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 224:431-437 (1996).
RN [7]; RE0015015.
RX PUBMED: 9065481.
RA Mukherjee R., Jow L., Croston G. E., Paterniti jr J. R.
RT Identification, characterization, and tissue distribution of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms PPARgamma2 versus PPARgamma1 and activation with retinoid X receptor agonists and antagonists
RL J. Biol. Chem. 272:8071-8076 (1997).
RN [8]; RE0018160.
RX PUBMED: 9030579.
RA Adams M., Reginato M. J., Shao D., Lazar M. A., Chatterjee V. K.
RT Transcriptional activation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is inhibited by phosphorylation at a consensus mitogen-activated protein kinase site.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 272:5128-5132 (1997).
RN [9]; RE0018211.
RX PUBMED: 9228052.
RA Fajas L., Auboeuf D., Raspe E., Schoonjans K., Lefebvre A. M., Saladin R., Najib J., Laville M., Fruchart J. C., Deeb S., Vidal-Puig A., Flier J., Briggs M. R., Staels B., Vidal H., Auwerx J.
RT The organization, promoter analysis, and expression of the human PPARgamma gene.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 272:18779-18789 (1997).
RN [10]; RE0018235.
RX PUBMED: 10102684.
RA Rieusset J., Andreelli F., Auboeuf D., Roques M., Vallier P., Riou J. P., Auwerx J., Laville M., Vidal H.
RT Insulin acutely regulates the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in human adipocytes.
RL Diabetes 48:699-705 (1999).
RN [11]; RE0018241.
RX PUBMED: 10409739.
RA Fajas L., Schoonjans K., Gelman L., Kim J. B., Najib J., Martin G., Fruchart J.-C., Briggs M., Spiegelman B. M., Auwerx J.
RT Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression by adipocyte differentiation and determination factor 1/sterol regulatory element binding protein 1: implications for adipocyte differentiation and metabolism.
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:5495-5503 (1999).
RN [12]; RE0018257.
RX PUBMED: 10037770.
RA Berger J., Leibowitz M. D., Doebber T. W., Elbrecht A., Zhang B., Zhou G., Biswas C., Cullinan C. A., Hayes N. S., Li Y., Tanen M., Ventre J., Wu M. S., Berger G. D., Mosley R., Marquis R., Santini C., Sahoo S. P., Tolman R. L., Smith R. G., Moller D. E.
RT Novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma and PPARdelta ligands produce distinct biological effects.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 274:6718-6725 (1999).
RN [13]; RE0047743.
RX PUBMED: 15610520.
RA Flores A. M., Li L., Aneskievich B. J.
RT Isolation and functional analysis of a keratinocyte-derived, ligand-regulated nuclear receptor comodulator.
RL J. Invest. Dermatol 123:1092-1101 (2004).
RN [14]; RE0049914.
RX PUBMED: 11923221.
RA Heim M., Johnson J., Boess F., Bendik I., Weber P., Hunziker W., Fluhmann B.
RT Phytanic acid, a natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, regulates glucose metabolism in rat primary hepatocytes.
RL FASEB J. 16:718-720 (2002).
RN [15]; RE0049924.
RX PUBMED: 14657011.
RA Agostini M., Gurnell M., Savage D. B., Wood E. M., Smith A. G., Rajanayagam O., Garnes K. T., Levinson S. H., Xu H. E., Schwabe J. W., Willson T. M., O'Rahilly S., Chatterjee V. K.
RT Tyrosine agonists reverse the molecular defects associated with dominant-negative mutations in human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
RL Endocrinology 145:1527-1538 (2004).
RN [16]; RE0050084.
RX PUBMED: 12502787.
RA McIntyre T. M., Pontsler A. V., Silva A. R., St Hilaire A., Xu Y., Hinshaw J. C., Zimmerman G. A., Hama K., Aoki J., Arai H., Prestwich G. D.
RT Identification of an intracellular receptor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA): LPA is a transcellular PPARgamma agonist.
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:131-136 (2003).
RN [17]; RE0050142.
RX PUBMED: 16647253.
RA Hampel J. K., Brownrigg L. M., Vignarajah D., Croft K. D., Dharmarajan A. M., Bentel J. M., Puddey I. B., Yeap B. B.
RT Differential modulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and PPARgamma2 gene expression by PPARgamma agonists ciglitazone and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid in monocytic cells.
RL Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 74:283-293 (2006).
RN [18]; RE0050208.
RX PUBMED: 15701701.
RA Schopfer F. J., Lin Y., Baker P. R., Cui T., Garcia-Barrio M., Zhang J., Chen K., Chen Y. E., Freeman B. A.
RT Nitrolinoleic acid: an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand.
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:2340-2345 (2005).
RN [19]; RE0050306.
RX PUBMED: 11279149.
RA Davies S. S., Pontsler A. V., Marathe G. K., Harrison K. A., Murphy R. C., Hinshaw J. C., Prestwich G. D., Hilaire A. S., Prescott S. M., Zimmerman G. A., McIntyre T. M.
RT Oxidized alkyl phospholipids are specific, high affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands and agonists.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 276:16015-16023 (2001).
RN [20]; RE0050379.
RX PUBMED: 15695504.
RA Shiraki T., Kamiya N., Shiki S., Kodama T. S., Kakizuka A., Jingami H.
RT Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone is a core moiety of natural ligands for covalent binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 280:14145-14153 (2005).
RN [21]; RE0050430.
RX PUBMED: 16321982.
RA Tsukahara T., Tsukahara R., Yasuda S., Makarova N., Valentine W. J., Allison P., Yuan H., Baker D. L., Li Z., Bittman R., Parrill A., Tigyi G.
RT Different residues mediate recognition of 1-O-oleyllysophosphatidic acid and rosiglitazone in the ligand binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 281:3398-3407 (2006).
RN [22]; RE0050574.
RX PUBMED: 16239304.
RA Tomaru T., Satoh T., Yoshino S., Ishizuka T., Hashimoto K., Monden T., Yamada M., Mori M.
RT Isolation and characterization of a transcriptional cofactor and its novel isoform that bind the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma.
RL Endocrinology 147:377-388 (2006).
RN [23]; RE0050609.
RX PUBMED: 17101779.
RA Burgermeister E., Chuderland D., Hanoch T., Meyer M., Liscovitch M., Seger R.
RT Interaction with MEK causes nuclear export and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:803-817 (2007).
RN [24]; RE0018159.
RX PUBMED: 12215427.
RA Antenos M., Casper R. F., Brown T. J.
RT Interaction with Nedd8, a ubiquitin-like protein, enhances the transcriptional activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 277:44028-44034 (2002).
RN [25]; RE0018207.
RX PUBMED: 9821958.
RA Fajas L., Fruchart J. C., Auwerx J.
RT PPARgamma3 mRNA: a distinct PPARgamma mRNA subtype transcribed from an independent promoter.
RL FEBS Lett. 438:55-60 (1998).
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