AC T05351
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ID T05351
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DT 13.11.2002 (created); cch.
DT 16.05.2016 (updated); ros.
CO Copyright (C), QIAGEN.
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FA PPARgamma
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SY HUMPPARG; NR1C3; peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PPARG; PPARG1; PPARG2.
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OS human, Homo sapiens
OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; primates
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GE G004022 PPARG; HGNC: PPARG.
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CL C0002; CC (rec); 2.1.2.5.3.
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SF Four variants are known: PPARgamma1 T02736, PPARgamma2 T03731, PPARgamma3 T05352 and PPARgamma4 T05353 which result from different promoters and alternative splicing;
SF the most 5' promoter, gamma1, is located 5' to exon A1, gamma3 - 5' to exon A2, gamma2 - 5' to exon B, and the most 3' promoter gamma4 is located 5' to exon 1 [2] [3];
SF form heterodimers with RXR-alpha;
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CP distal convoluted tubule, CCDs, and medullary CDs of kidney, and cell line CCD [15].
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FF activator as heterodimer with RXR-alpha;
FF ligands: fibrates, fatty acids, prostanoids, thiazolidinediones (anti-diabetic drugs) [1];
FF novel ligands: non-thiazolidinedione xenobiotics [6];
FF key regulator of adipocyte differentiation;
FF transcription of gamma1 and gamma2 is up-regulated by insulin [5];
FF ligand binding results in conformational alterations and direct binding to coactivator CBP [6];
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IN T05777 ASC-2-isoform1; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T05778 ASC-2; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T05450 C2TA; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T23087 C2TA; Mammalia.
IN T02214 CBP-isoform1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T02776 DAX1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T33762 DRIP205; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T09250 ipf1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T02752 LXR-alpha; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T09029 LXR-beta; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T04687 NCOR1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T01945 NFATc1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00671 p53; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T24222 Pax-7; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T01672 rfx5; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T30422 rfx5; Mammalia.
IN T01345 RXR-alpha; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T08348 RXR-alpha; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T04689 SMRT; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T04632 SRC-1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T01493 STAT3; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T17263 STAT3{pY}; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T04683 STAT5A; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T16535 STAT5A{pY694}; human, Homo sapiens.
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MX M00763 V$PPARDR1_Q2.
MX M00512 V$PPARG_01.
MX M00515 V$PPARG_02.
MX M00528 V$PPARG_03.
MX M08961 V$PPARG_06.
MX M01270 V$PPARG_Q6.
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BS R07672.
BS R23756.
BS R72466.
BS R72469.
BS R72470.
BS R73763.
BS R61355.
BS R59590.
BS R62788.
BS R60266.
BS R70290.
BS R72769.
BS R66111.
BS R27211.
BS R62961.
BS R27795.
BS R57412.
BS R62658.
BS R27354.
BS R39964.
BS R33256.
BS R33257.
BS R39527.
BS R39528.
BS R39529.
BS R19284.
BS R22744.
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DR TRANSPATH: MO000033565.
DR UniProtKB: P37231; PPAT_HUMAN.
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RN [1]; RE0011947.
RX PUBMED: 7768881.
RA Lehmann J. M., Moore L. B., Smith-Oliver T. A., Wilkison W. O., Willson T. M., Kliewer S. A.
RT An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma).
RL J. Biol. Chem. 270:12953-12956 (1995).
RN [2]; RE0018207.
RX PUBMED: 9821958.
RA Fajas L., Fruchart J. C., Auwerx J.
RT PPARgamma3 mRNA: a distinct PPARgamma mRNA subtype transcribed from an independent promoter.
RL FEBS Lett. 438:55-60 (1998).
RN [3]; RE0018208.
RX PUBMED: 11554739.
RA Sundvold H., Lien S.
RT Identification of a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma promoter in man and transactivation by the nuclear receptor RORalpha1.
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 287:383-390 (2001).
RN [4]; RE0018211.
RX PUBMED: 9228052.
RA Fajas L., Auboeuf D., Raspe E., Schoonjans K., Lefebvre A. M., Saladin R., Najib J., Laville M., Fruchart J. C., Deeb S., Vidal-Puig A., Flier J., Briggs M. R., Staels B., Vidal H., Auwerx J.
RT The organization, promoter analysis, and expression of the human PPARgamma gene.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 272:18779-18789 (1997).
RN [5]; RE0018235.
RX PUBMED: 10102684.
RA Rieusset J., Andreelli F., Auboeuf D., Roques M., Vallier P., Riou J. P., Auwerx J., Laville M., Vidal H.
RT Insulin acutely regulates the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in human adipocytes.
RL Diabetes 48:699-705 (1999).
RN [6]; RE0018257.
RX PUBMED: 10037770.
RA Berger J., Leibowitz M. D., Doebber T. W., Elbrecht A., Zhang B., Zhou G., Biswas C., Cullinan C. A., Hayes N. S., Li Y., Tanen M., Ventre J., Wu M. S., Berger G. D., Mosley R., Marquis R., Santini C., Sahoo S. P., Tolman R. L., Smith R. G., Moller D. E.
RT Novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma and PPARdelta ligands produce distinct biological effects.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 274:6718-6725 (1999).
RN [7]; RE0026435.
RX PUBMED: 10788465.
RA Zhu Y., Kan L., Qi C., Kanwar Y. S., Yeldandi A. V., Rao M. S., Reddy J. K.
RT Isolation and characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) interacting protein (PRIP) as a coactivator for PPAR.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 275:13510-6 (2000).
RN [8]; RE0032617.
RX PUBMED: 14975242.
RA Wang L. H., Yang X. Y., Zhang X., Huang J., Hou J., Li J., Xiong H., Mihalic K., Zhu H., Xiao W., Farrar W. L.
RT Transcriptional inactivation of STAT3 by PPARgamma suppresses IL-6-responsive multiple myeloma cells.
RL Immunity 20:205-18 (2004).
RN [9]; RE0034867.
RX PUBMED: 15367687.
RA Akaike M., Che W., Marmarosh N. L., Ohta S., Osawa M., Ding B., Berk B. C., Yan C., Abe J.
RT The hinge-helix 1 region of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 (PPARgamma1) mediates interaction with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 and PPARgamma1 transcriptional activation: involvement in flow-induced PPARgamma activation in endothelial cells.
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:8691-704 (2004).
RN [10]; RE0040896.
RX PUBMED: 11226238.
RA Wolfrum C., Borrmann C. M., Borchers T., Spener F.
RT Fatty acids and hypolipidemic drugs regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha - and gamma -mediated gene expression via liver fatty acid binding protein: A signaling path to the nucleus
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:2323-2328 (2001).
RN [11]; RE0041144.
RX PUBMED: 12517954.
RA Shankaranarayanan P., Nigam S.
RT IL-4 induces apoptosis in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells: evidence for the pivotal role of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid binding to activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma transcription factor
RL J. Immunol. 170:887-94 (2003).
RN [12]; RE0047577.
RX PUBMED: 16144913.
RA Bonofiglio D., Gabriele S., Aquila S., Catalano S., Gentile M., Middea E., Giordano F., Ando S.
RT Estrogen receptor alpha binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element and negatively interferes with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling in breast cancer cells.
RL Clin. Cancer Res. 11:6139-6147 (2005).
RN [13]; RE0047810.
RX PUBMED: 14701856.
RA Debril M. B., Gelman L., Fayard E., Annicotte J. S., Rocchi S., Auwerx J.
RT Transcription factors and nuclear receptors interact with the SWI/SNF complex through the BAF60c subunit.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 279:16677-16686 (2004).
RN [14]; RE0047844.
RX PUBMED: 15722453.
RA Yue L., Ye F., Gui C., Luo H., Cai J., Shen J., Chen K., Shen X., Jiang H.
RT Ligand-binding regulation of LXR/RXR and LXR/PPAR heterodimerizations: SPR technology-based kinetic analysis correlated with molecular dynamics simulation.
RL Protein Sci. 14:812-822 (2005).
RN [15]; RE0048884.
RX PUBMED: 12923071.
RA Hong G., Lockhart A., Davis B., Rahmoune H., Baker S., Ye L., Thompson P., Shou Y., O'Shaughnessy K., Ronco P., Brown J.
RT PPARgamma activation enhances cell surface ENaCalpha via up-regulation of SGK1 in human collecting duct cells.
RL FASEB J. 17:1966-1968 (2003).
RN [16]; RE0049618.
RX PUBMED: 16150867.
RA Yin Y., Yuan H., Wang C., Pattabiraman N., Rao M., Pestell R. G., Glazer R. I.
RT 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and promotes adipocyte differentiation.
RL Mol. Endocrinol. 20:268-278 (2006).
RN [17]; RE0050025.
RX PUBMED: 10198642.
RA Xu H. E., Lambert M. H., Montana V. G., Parks D. J., Blanchard S. G., Brown P. J., Sternbach D. D., Lehmann J. M., Wisely G. B., Willson T. M., Kliewer S. A., Milburn M. V.
RT Molecular recognition of fatty acids by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.
RL Mol. Cell 3:397-403 (1999).
RN [18]; RE0050176.
RX PUBMED: 17431031.
RA Ng V. Y., Huang Y., Reddy L. M., Falck J. R., Lin E. T., Kroetz D. L.
RT Cytochrome P450 Eicosanoids are Activators of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR{alpha}).
RL Drug Metab. Dispos. 35:1126-1134 (2007).
RN [19]; RE0050208.
RX PUBMED: 15701701.
RA Schopfer F. J., Lin Y., Baker P. R., Cui T., Garcia-Barrio M., Zhang J., Chen K., Chen Y. E., Freeman B. A.
RT Nitrolinoleic acid: an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand.
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:2340-2345 (2005).
RN [20]; RE0050219.
RX PUBMED: 14717706.
RA Yu C., Chen L., Luo H., Chen J., Cheng F., Gui C., Zhang R., Shen J., Chen K., Jiang H., Shen X.
RT Binding analyses between Human PPARgamma-LBD and ligands.
RL Eur. J. Biochem. 271:386-397 (2004).
RN [21]; RE0050229.
RX PUBMED: 11943173.
RA Takahashi N., Kawada T., Goto T., Yamamoto T., Taimatsu A., Matsui N., Kimura K., Saito M., Hosokawa M., Miyashita K., Fushiki T.
RT Dual action of isoprenols from herbal medicines on both PPARgamma and PPARalpha in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes.
RL FEBS Lett. 514:315-322 (2002).
RN [22]; RE0050299.
RX PUBMED: 16227625.
RA Baker P. R., Lin Y., Schopfer F. J., Woodcock S. R., Groeger A. L., Batthyany C., Sweeney S., Long M. H., Iles K. E., Baker L. M., Branchaud B. P., Chen Y. E., Freeman B. A.
RT Fatty acid transduction of nitric oxide signaling: multiple nitrated unsaturated fatty acid derivatives exist in human blood and urine and serve as endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 280:42464-42475 (2005).
RN [23]; RE0050349.
RX PUBMED: 11278336.
RA Subbaramaiah K., Lin D. T., Hart J. C., Dannenberg A. J.
RT Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands suppress the transcriptional activation of cyclooxygenase-2. Evidence for involvement of activator protein-1 and CREB-binding protein/p300.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 276:12440-12448 (2001).
RN [24]; RE0050363.
RX PUBMED: 16202384.
RA Goto T., Takahashi N., Kato S., Egawa K., Ebisu S., Moriyama T., Fushiki T., Kawada T.
RT Phytol directly activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and regulates gene expression involved in lipid metabolism in PPARalpha-expressing HepG2 hepatocytes.
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 337:440-445 (2005).
RN [25]; RE0050505.
RX PUBMED: 9714568.
RA Palmer C. N., Wolf C. R.
RT cis-parinaric acid is a ligand for the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma: development of a novel spectrophotometric assay for the discovery of PPARgamma ligands.
RL FEBS Lett. 431:476-480 (1998).
RN [26]; RE0050518.
RX PUBMED: 12419306.
RA Lee J. Y., Hwang D. H.
RT Docosahexaenoic acid suppresses the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in a colon tumor cell line.
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 298:667-674 (2002).
RN [27]; RE0050609.
RX PUBMED: 17101779.
RA Burgermeister E., Chuderland D., Hanoch T., Meyer M., Liscovitch M., Seger R.
RT Interaction with MEK causes nuclear export and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:803-817 (2007).
RN [28]; RE0050639.
RX PUBMED: 17611194.
RA Yong X., Farmer S. R., Smith B. D.
RT PPARgamma interacts with CIITA/RFX5 complex to repress collagen type I gene expression.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 282:26046-26056 (2007).
RN [29]; RE0051542.
RX PUBMED: 12935909.
RA Takahashi N., Kawada T., Goto T., Kim C. S., Taimatsu A., Egawa K., Yamamoto T., Jisaka M., Nishimura K., Yokota K., Yu R., Fushiki T.
RT Abietic acid activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in RAW264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes to regulate gene expression involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism.
RL FEBS Lett. 550:190-194 (2003).
RN [30]; RE0054989.
RX PUBMED: 15604093.
RA Albers M., Kranz H., Kober I., Kaiser C., Klink M., Suckow J., Kern R., Koegl M.
RT Automated yeast two-hybrid screening for nuclear receptor-interacting proteins.
RL Mol. Cell. Proteomics 4:205-213 (2005).
RN [31]; RE0066377.
RX PUBMED: 12107827.
RA Nickoloff B. J., Qin J. Z., Chaturvedi V., Denning M. F., Bonish B., Miele L.
RT Jagged-1 mediated activation of notch signaling induces complete maturation of human keratinocytes through NF-kappaB and PPARgamma.
RL Cell Death Differ. 9:842-855 (2002).
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