AC T01516
XX
ID T01516
XX
DT 12.06.1995 (created); ewi.
DT 08.08.2008 (updated); dbh.
CO Copyright (C), QIAGEN.
XX
FA Pit-1B
XX
SY GHF-1; LSF-1; POU1F1; POU1F1b; PUF-1.
XX
OS rat, Rattus norvegicus
OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; rodentia; myomorpha; muridae; murinae
XX
GE G000740 Pou1f1.
XX
CL C0007; POU; 3.1.10.1.1.2.
XX
SZ 291 AA; 32.9 kDa (cDNA) (calc.), 33-34.5 kDa (SDS) [2]
XX
SQ MSCQPFTSADTFIPLNSDASAALPLRMHHSAAEGLPASNHATNVMSTATGLHYSVPSCHY
SQ GNQPSTYGVMAGTLTPCLYKFPDHTLSHGFPPLHQPLLAEDPTASEFKQELRRKSKLVEE
SQ PIDMDSPEIRELEQFANEFKVRRIKLGYTQTNVGEALAAVHGSEFSQTTICRFENLQLSF
SQ KNACKLKAILSKWLEEAEQVGALYNEKVGANERKRKRRTTISIAAKDALERHFGEHSKPS
SQ SQEIMRMAEELNLEKEVVRVWFCNRRQREKRVKTSLNQSLFSISKEHLECR
XX
SC translated from EMBL #M23253
XX
FT 124 198 
PF00157; Pou domain - N-terminal to homeobox domain.
FT 124 198 
SM00352; pou.
FT 212 272 
PS50071; HOMEOBOX_2.
FT 212 274 
PS50550; POU_HOMEODOMAIN.
FT 214 276 
SM00389; HOX_1.
FT 215 271 
PF00046; Homeobox domain.
XX
SF alternative splicing gives rise to a 26 AA insertion after position 47 leading to an altered trans-activation domain in Pit-1a/GHF-2;
SF Pit-1b is the predominant form [15] [18];
SF alternative translation initiation gives rise to another product of 31 kDa [21];
SF both POUs and POUh contact DNA [13];
SF POUh domain is sufficient for DNA-binding, POUs and the linker region between POUs and POUh augment in enhancing affinity and specificity [13] [17] [8];
SF POUs induces bending of the DNA [4];
SF free in solution: Pit-1 monomers or Pit-1/Oct-1 heterodimers, homodimers form upon DNA-binding [13] [26];
XX
CP lactotrophs, somatotrophs and thyrotrophs of anterior pituitary gland [16] [6] [2].
CN gonadotrophs of anterior pituitary gland, posterior pituitary, heart, hypothalamus, kidney, liver, prostate, testis, thyroid [16] [6] [2].
XX
FF tissue-specific activator [8] [2];
FF activates the genes for growth hormone (GH), prolactin (Prl) and its own (GHF1) promoter [15];
FF transcription of the pit-1 gene is triggered by environmental stimuli that enhance intracellular cAMP concentrations [20];
FF autoregulation through several promoter and enhancer elements [19] [20] [23];
FF may also be regulated through a potent vitamin D3 responsive element [23];
FF may be subject of differential cell-type specific translational control [16];
FF activity at the GH promoter is counteracted by activin [14];
FF synergistic action with estrogen receptor at the Prl distal enhancer [16];
FF and synergistic action with Ets-factors at the Prl promoter [27];
FF the latter occurs through a composite element where Pit-1 ensures tissue-specific basal transcription and the Ets-like component mediates the inducibility by hormones and/or growth factors [27];
FF phosphorylation in response to phorbol esters or cAMP decreases the affinity to some Pit-1 elements, but increases that to others [29];
FF in general, binding to Prl and GH gene sites is reduced, while interaction with binding sites in TSH-beta is enhanced by 3-8-fold, most likely by shifting the DNA-binding specificity from awwTatncat to awwAatncat [28];
FF thus, elevated cAMP levels inhibit Pit-1 activity on the Prl gene [24];
FF in contrast, a calcium-mediated pathway is used by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to enhance Prl and TSH-beta expression [24] [25];
XX
IN T05687 CAR; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T08630 CAR; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T08571 GATA-2-isoform1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T01302 GATA-2; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T08632 PPARalpha-isoform1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T08639 PPARgamma; clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.
IN T08235 PXR; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T08949 PXR; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T08501 T3R-alpha; chick, Gallus gallus.
IN T08482 VDR-isoform1; human, Homo sapiens.
XX
MX M01465 V$PIT1_01.
MX M00802 V$PIT1_Q6.
MX M03559 V$PIT1_Q6_01.
MX M00744 V$POU1F1_Q6.
XX
BS R00611.
BS R00612.
BS R03483.
XX
DR TRANSPATH: MO000025730.
DR EMBL: L01506;
DR EMBL: X12658;
DR EMBL: X65364;
DR EMBL: X65365;
DR EMBL: X65366;
DR EMBL: X65367;
DR EMBL: X65368;
DR UniProtKB: P10037-1;
XX
RN [1]; RE0000072.
RX PUBMED: 3594572.
RA Bodner M., Karin M.
RT A Pituitary-Specific Trans-Acting Factor Can Stimulate Transcription from the Growth Hormone Promoter in Extracts of Nonexpressing Cells
RL Cell 50:267-275 (1987).
RN [2]; RE0000076.
RX PUBMED: 2902928.
RA Ingraham H. A., Chen R., Mangalam H. J., Elsholtz H. P., Flynn S. E., Lin C. R., Simmons D. M., Swanson L., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT A tissue-specific transcription factor containing a homeodomain specifies a pituitary phenotype
RL Cell 55:519-529 (1988).
RN [3]; RE0000347.
RX PUBMED: 3595566.
RA Lefevre C., Imagawa M., Dana S., Grindlay J., Bodner M., Karin M.
RT Tissue-specific expression of the human growth hormone gene is conferred in part by the binding of a specific trans-acting factor
RL EMBO J. 6:971-981 (1987).
RN [4]; RE0000528.
RX PUBMED: 1915275.
RA Verrijzer C. P., van Oosterhout J. A. W. M., van Weperen W. W., van der Vliet P. C.
RT POU proteins bend DNA via the POU-specific domain
RL EMBO J. 10:3007-3014 (1991).
RN [5]; RE0000616.
RX PUBMED: 2307370.
RA Elsholtz H. P., Albert V. R., Treacy M. N., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT A two-base change in a POU factor-binding site switches pituitary-specific to lymphoid-specific gene expression
RL Genes Dev. 4:43-51 (1990).
RN [6]; RE0000645.
RX PUBMED: 2550324.
RA Mangalam H. J., Albert V. R., Ingraham H. A., Kapiloff M., Wilson L., Nelson Ch., Elsholtz H., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT A pituitary POU domain protein, Pit-1, activates both growth hormone and prolactin promoters transcriptionally
RL Genes Dev. 3:946-958 (1989).
RN [7]; RE0001331.
RX PUBMED: 3683387.
RA Cao Z., Barron E. A., Carillo A. J., Sharp Z. D.
RT Reconstitution of Cell-Type-Specific Transcription of the Rat Prolactin Gene In Vitro
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:3402-3408 (1987).
RN [8]; RE0001790.
RX PUBMED: 2574416.
RA Theill L. E., Castrillo J.-L., Wu D., Karin M.
RT Dissection of functional domains of the pituitary-specific transcription factor GHF-1
RL Nature 342:945-948 (1989).
RN [9]; RE0002021.
RX PUBMED: 2717408.
RA Sharp Z. D., Helsel S., Cao Z., Barron E. A., Sanchez Y.
RT DNA recognition element required for PUF-I mediated cell-type specific transcription of the rat prolactin gene
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:2705-2722 (1989).
RN [10]; RE0002474.
RX PUBMED: 1901656.
RA Steinfelder H. J., Hauser P., Nakayama Y., Radovick S., McClaskey J. H., Taylor T., Weintraub B. D., Wondisford F. E.
RT Thyrotropin-releasing hormone regulation of human TSHB expression: Role of a pituitary-specific transcription factor (Pit-1/GHF-1) and potential interaction with a thyroid hormone-inhibitory element
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3130-3134 (1991).
RN [11]; RE0002599.
RX PUBMED: 2831625.
RA Nelson C., Albert V. R., Elsholtz H. P., Lu L. I.-W., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT Activation of cell-specific expression of rat growth hormone and prolactin genes by a common transcription factor
RL Science 239:1400-1405 (1988).
RN [12]; RE0002639.
RX PUBMED: 2563596.
RA Castrillo J.-L., Bodner M., Karin M.
RT Purification of growth hormone-specific transcription factor GHF-1 containing homeobox
RL Science 243:814-817 (1989).
RN [13]; RE0002735.
RX PUBMED: 2350782.
RA Ingraham H. A., Flynn S. E., Voss J. W., Albert V. R., Kapiloff M. S., Wilson L., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT The POU-specific domain of Pit-1 is essential for sequence-specific, high affinity DNA binding and DNA-dependent Pit-1-Pit-1 interactions
RL Cell 61:1021-1033 (1990).
RN [14]; RE0002950.
RX PUBMED: 1454833.
RA Struthers R. S., Gaddy-Kurten D., Vale W. W.
RT Activin inhibits binding of transcription factor Pit-1 to the growth hormone promoter
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:11451-11455 (1992).
RN [15]; RE0003111.
RX PUBMED: 1600947.
RA Theill L. E., Hattori K., Lazzaro D., Castrillo J.-L., Karin M.
RT Differential splicing of the GHF1 primary transcript gives rise to two functionally distinct homeodomain proteins
RL EMBO J. 11:2261-2269 (1992).
RN [16]; RE0003182.
RX PUBMED: 2379827.
RA Simmons D.M., Voss J.W., Ingraham H.A., Holloway J.M., Broide R.S., Rosenfeld M.G., Swanson L.W.
RT Pituitary cell phenotypes involve cell-specific Pit-1 mRNA translation and synergistic interactions with other classes of transcription factors
RL Genes Dev. 4:695-711 (1990).
RN [17]; RE0004205.
RX PUBMED: 1732727.
RA Aurora R., Herr W.
RT Segments of the POU domain influence one another's DNA-binding specificity
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:455-467 (1992).
RN [18]; RE0004420.
RX PUBMED: 1561093.
RA Morris A. E., Kloss B., McCesney R. E., Bancroft C., Chasin L. A.
RT An alternatively spliced Pit-1 isoform altered in its ability to trans-activate
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 20:1355-1361 (1992).
RN [19]; RE0004424.
RX PUBMED: 2142999.
RA Chen R., Ingraham H. A., Treacy M. N., Albert V. R., Wilson L., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT Autoregulation of pit-1 gene expression mediated by two cis-active promoter elements
RL Nature 346:583-586 (1990).
RN [20]; RE0004427.
RX PUBMED: 1972784.
RA McCormick A., Brady H., Theill L. E., Karin M.
RT Regulation of the pituitary-specific homeobox gene GHF1 by cell-autonomous and environmental cues
RL Nature 345:829-832 (1990).
RN [21]; RE0004428.
RX PUBMED: 2071572.
RA Voss J. W., Yao T.-P., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT Alternative translation initiation site usage results in two structurally distinct forms of Pit-1
RL J. Biol. Chem. 266:12832-12835 (1991).
RN [22]; RE0004431.
RX PUBMED: 1779976.
RA Hoggard N., Davis J. R. E., Berwaer M., Monget P., Peers B., Belayew A., Martial J. A.
RT Pit-1 binding sequences permit calcium regulation of human prolactin gene expression
RL Mol. Endocrinol. 5:1748-1754 (1991).
RN [23]; RE0004438.
RX PUBMED: 8504933.
RA Rhodes S. J., Chen R., DiMattia G. E., Scully K. M., Kalla K. A., Lin S.-C., Yu V. C., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT A tissue-specific enhancer confers Pit-1-dependent morphogen inducibility and autoregulation on the pit-1 gene
RL Genes Dev. 7:913-932 (1993).
RN [24]; RE0004439.
RX PUBMED: 8163504.
RA Lew A. M., Yao H., Elsholtz H. P.
RT Gia2- and G0a-mediated signaling in the Pit-1-dependent inhibition of the prolactin gene promoter
RL J. Biol. Chem. 269:12007-12013 (1994).
RN [25]; RE0004445.
RX PUBMED: 1775132.
RA Yan G. Z., Bancroft C.
RT Mediation by calcium of thyrotropin--releasing hormone action on the prolactin promoter via transcription factor pit-1
RL Mol. Endocrinol. 5:1488-1497 (1991).
RN [26]; RE0016563.
RX PUBMED: 2065979.
RA Voss J. W., Wilson L., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT POU-domain proteins Pit-1 and Oct-1 interact to form a heteromeric complex and can cooperate to induce expression of the prolactin promoter.
RL Genes Dev. 5:1309-1320 (1991).
RN [27]; RE0016603.
RX PUBMED: 7673116.
RA Howard P. W., Maurer R. A.
RT A composite Ets/Pit-1 binding site in the prolactin gene can mediate transcriptional responses to multiple signal transduction pathways.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 270:20930-20936 (1995).
RN [28]; RE0022675.
RX PUBMED: 1321428.
RA Steinfelder H. J., Radovick S., Wondisford F. E.
RT Hormonal regulation of the thyrotropin beta-subunit gene by phosphorylation of the pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-1.
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:5942-5945 (1992).
RN [29]; RE0022755.
RX PUBMED: 1652153.
RA Kapiloff M. S., Farkash Y., Wegner M., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT Variable effects of phosphorylation of Pit-1 dictated by the DNA response elements.
RL Science 253:786-789 (1991).
RN [30]; RE0047926.
RX PUBMED: 10367888.
RA Dasen J. S., O Connell S. M., Flynn S. E., Treier M., Gleiberman A. S., Szeto D. P., Hooshmand F., Aggarwal A. K., Rosenfeld M. G.
RT Reciprocal interactions of Pit1 and GATA2 mediate signaling gradient-induced determination of pituitary cell types.
RL Cell 97:587-598 (1999).
XX
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