AC T00528
XX
ID T00528
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DT 21.10.1992 (created); ewi.
DT 05.06.2015 (updated); pro.
CO Copyright (C), QIAGEN.
XX
FA myogenin
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SY Myf-4 (human); MyoG; myogenin.
XX
OS mouse, Mus musculus
OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; rodentia; myomorpha; muridae; murinae
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GE G001098 Myog.
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CL C0010; bHLH; 1.2.2.1.2.
XX
SF at high concentrations: homodimeric DNA-binding;
SF at low concentrations, myogenin has to heterodimerize for DNA-binding [31];
SF important for muscle-specific trans-activation and differentiation: A86, T87 [7];
SF N- and C-terminal regions have to cooperate for full transcriptional activation [33];
XX
CP myogenic cells; skeletal muscle cells.
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FF muscle-specific transcription activator;
FF may have to cooperate with other transcription factors (NF-1, MEF-2, COMP1) [10];
FF may have specific function for muscle formation in some regions of the embryo, particularly in the latero-ventral body wall;
FF disruption of its gene cannot be compensated by other myogenic factors [26];
FF myogenin is expressed after Myf-5, before MRF4 [13] [20];
FF expressed in regenerating skeletal muscle for at least 2 weeks [16];
FF developing limb bud: coexpression with MyoD [13];
FF myogenin constitutes a positive autoregulatory loop with MEF-2 [23] [3];
FF innervation of muscle tissue causes down-regulation, denervation leads to reactivation of myogenin expression [27];
FF for onset of myogenin, an ill-defined dephosphorylation step is required [19];
FF PKC-phosphorylation (S77), e. g. as triggered by FGF, inhibits DNA-binding [32];
FF in heterodimers, myogenin can be phosphorylated at S43, S170, S199, S224;
FF modification of S43/S170 reduced the trans-activation potential [30];
FF cyclin D1 inhibits Myf-4 activity through its C-terminal region [28];
XX
IN T00204 E12; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00675 E12; rat, Rattus norvegicus.
IN T01787 E12; clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.
IN T00207 E47; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T01503 HTF4; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00403 Id1; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T00505 Mef-2A-isoform1; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T01005 MEF-2A-isoform1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T01784 MEF-2A; clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.
IN T02505 MEF-2D-isoform muscle; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T02506 MEF-2D-isoform non-muscle; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T00528 myogenin; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T01423 pRb; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T00752 Sp1; mouse, Mus musculus.
XX
MX M00804 V$E2A_Q2.
MX M00973 V$E2A_Q6.
MX M01034 V$EBOX_Q6_01.
MX M00929 V$MYOD_Q6_01.
MX M00712 V$MYOGENIN_Q6.
MX M02101 V$MYOGENIN_Q6_01.
MX M07113 V$MYOG_01.
XX
BS R04409.
BS R02452.
BS R26974.
BS R38002.
BS R21748.
BS R21757.
BS R22201.
BS R00018.
BS R00019.
BS R29461.
BS R29462.
BS R30388.
BS R22281.
BS R29160.
BS R29172.
BS R29174.
BS R30391.
BS R68123.
BS R29375.
BS R02898.
XX
DR TRANSPATH: MO000024991.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00432.
DR UniProtKB: P12979;
XX
RN [1]; RE0000623.
RX PUBMED: 2473006.
RA Edmondson D. G., Olson E. N.
RT A gene with homology to the myc similarity region of MyoD1 is expressed during myogenesis and is sufficient to activate the muscle differentiation program
RL Genes Dev. 3:628-640 (1989).
RN [2]; RE0000703.
RX PUBMED: 2560751.
RA Rhodes S. J., Konieczny S. F.
RT Identification of MRF4: a new member of the muscle regulatory factor gene family
RL Genes Dev. 3:2050-2061 (1989).
RN [3]; RE0001481.
RX PUBMED: 1656214.
RA Cserjesi P., Olson E. N.
RT Myogenin induces the myocyte-specific enhancer binding factor MEF-2 independently of other muscle-specific gene products
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4854-4862 (1991).
RN [4]; RE0001506.
RX PUBMED: 1658626.
RA Chakraborty T., Olson E. N.
RT Domains outside of the DNA-binding domain impart target gene specificity to myogenin and MRF4
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:6103-6108 (1991).
RN [5]; RE0001507.
RX PUBMED: 1695319.
RA Yutzey K. E., Rhodes S. J., Konieczny S. F.
RT Differential trans activation associated with the muscle regulatory factors MyoD1, myogenin, and MRF4
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:3934-3944 (1990).
RN [6]; RE0001651.
RX PUBMED: 1646392.
RA Chakraborty T., Brennan T. J., Li L., Edmondson D., Olson E. N.
RT Inefficient homooligomerization contributes to the dependence of myogenin on E2A products for efficient DNA binding
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:3633-3641 (1991).
RN [7]; RE0002422.
RX PUBMED: 1648228.
RA Brennan T. J., Chakraborty T., Olson E. N.
RT Mutagenesis of the myogenin basic region identifies an ancient protein motif critical for activation of myogenesis
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:5675-5679 (1991).
RN [8]; RE0002423.
RX PUBMED: 1850837.
RA Brennan T. J., Edmondson D. G., Li L., Olson E. N.
RT Transforming growth factor beta represses the actions of myogenin through a mechanism independent of DNA binding
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3822-3826 (1991).
RN [9]; RE0002484.
RX PUBMED: 1903539.
RA Toledano M. B., Leonard W. J.
RT Modulation of transcription factor NF-kappaB binding activity by oxidation-reduction in vitro
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4328-4332 (1991).
RN [10]; RE0002924.
RX PUBMED: 1329097.
RA Funk W. D., Wright W. E.
RT Cyclic amplification and selection of targets for multicomponent complexes: Myogenin interacts with factors recognizing binding sites for basic helix--loop--helix, nuclear factor 1, myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2, and COMP1 factor
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9484-9488 (1992).
RN [11]; RE0003087.
RX PUBMED: 1312219.
RA Hu J.-S., Olson E. N., Kingston R. E.
RT HEB, a helix-loop-helix protein related to E2A and ITF2 that can modulate the DNA-binding ability of myogenic regulatory factors
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:1031-1042 (1992).
RN [12]; RE0003178.
RX PUBMED: 2168405.
RA Fujisawa-Sehara A., Nabeshima Y., Hosoda Y., Obinata T., Nabeshima Y.-I.
RT Myogenic Contains Two Domains Conserved among Myogenic Factors
RL J. Biol. Chem. 265:15219-15223 (1990).
RN [13]; RE0003213.
RX PUBMED: 2552320.
RA Sassoon D., Lyons G., Wright W. E., Lin V., Lassar A. B., Weintraub H., Buckingham M.
RT Expression of two myogenic regulatory factors myogenin and MyoD1 during mouse embryogenesis
RL Nature 341:303-307 (1989).
RN [14]; RE0003214.
RX PUBMED: 2548731.
RA Lassar A. B., Thayer M. J., Overell R. W., Weintraub H.
RT Transformation by activated ras or fos prevents myogenesis by inhibiting expression of MyoD1
RL Cell 58:659-667 (1989).
RN [15]; RE0003216.
RX PUBMED: 2546677.
RA Thayer M. J., Tapscott S. J., Davis R. L., Wright W. E., Lassar A. B., Weintraub H.
RT Positive autoregulation of the myogenic determination gene MyoD1
RL Cell 58:241-248 (1989).
RN [16]; RE0003222.
RX PUBMED: 1311614.
RA Fuechtbauer E. M., Westphal H.
RT MyoD and myogenin are coexpressed in regulating skeletal muscle of the mouse
RL Dev. Dyn. 193:34-39 (1992).
RN [17]; RE0003223.
RX PUBMED: 1850105.
RA Miner J. H., Wold B. J.
RT c-myc inhibition of MyoD and myogenin-initiated myogenic differentiation
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2842-2851 (1992).
RN [18]; RE0003225.
RX PUBMED: 1313772.
RA Li L., Chambard J. C., Karin M., Olson E. N.
RT Fos and Jun repress transcriptional activation by myogenin and MyoD: the amino terminus of Jun can mediate repression
RL Genes Dev. 6:676-689 (1992).
RN [19]; RE0003228.
RX PUBMED: 1321827.
RA Kim S. J., Kim K. Y., Tapscott S. J., Winokur T. S., Park K., Fujiki H., Weintraub H., Roberts A. B.
RT Inhibition of protein phosphatases blocks myogenesis by first altering MyoD binding activity
RL J. Biol. Chem. 267:15140-15145 (1992).
RN [20]; RE0003244.
RX PUBMED: 1330322.
RA Rudnicki M. A., Braun T., Hinuma S., Jaenisch R.
RT Inactivation of MyoD in mice leads to up-regulation of the myogenic HLH gene Myf-5 and results in apparently normal muscle development
RL Cell 71:383-390 (1992).
RN [21]; RE0003245.
RX PUBMED: 1328856.
RA Li L., Heller-Harrison R., Czech M., Olson E. N.
RT Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the activity of myogenic helix-loop-helix proteins
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:4478-4485 (1992).
RN [22]; RE0003246.
RX PUBMED: 1690720.
RA Brunetti A., Goldfine I. D.
RT Role of myogenin in myoblast differentiation and its regulation by fibroblast growth factor
RL J. Biol. Chem. 265:5960-5963 (1990).
RN [23]; RE0003249.
RX PUBMED: 1324403.
RA Edmondson D. G., Cheng T. C., Cserjesi P., Chakraborty T., Olson E. N.
RT Analysis of the myogenin promoter eveals an indirect pathway for positive autoregulation mediated by the muscle-specific enhancer factor MEF-2
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:3665-3677 (1992).
RN [24]; RE0003250.
RX PUBMED: 8391506.
RA Yee S.-P., Rigby P. W. J.
RT The regulation of myogenin gene expression during the embryonic development of the mouse
RL Genes Dev. 7:1277-1289 (1993).
RN [25]; RE0003251.
RX PUBMED: 8392225.
RA Cheng T. C., Wallace M. C., Merlie J. P., Olson E. N.
RT Separable regulatory elements governing myogenin transcription in mouse embryogenesis
RL Science 261:215-218 (1993).
RN [26]; RE0003252.
RX PUBMED: 8393146.
RA Nabeshima Y., Hanaoka K., Hayasaka M., Esumi E., Li S., Nonaka I., Nabeshima Y. I.
RT Myogenin gene disruption results in perinatal lethality because of severe muscle defect
RL Nature 364:532-535 (1993).
RN [27]; RE0003253.
RX PUBMED: 8284216.
RA Buonanno A., Edmondson D. G., Hayes W. P.
RT Upstream sequences of the myogenin gene convey responsiveness to skeletal muscle denervation on transgenic mice
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 21:5684-5693 (1993).
RN [28]; RE0003254.
RX PUBMED: 8035804.
RA Rao S. S., Chu C., Kohtz D. S.
RT Ectopic expression of cyclin D1 prevents activation of gene transcription by myogenic basic helix-loop-helix regulators
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:5259-5267 (1994).
RN [29]; RE0003255.
RX PUBMED: 8294401.
RA Sanchez A., Robbins J.
RT Unprocessed myogenin transcripts accumulate during mouse embryogenesis
RL J. Biol. Chem. 269:1587-1590 (1994).
RN [30]; RE0003257.
RX PUBMED: 8065355.
RA Zhou J., Olson E. N.
RT Dimerization through the helix-loop-helix motif enhances phosphorylation of the transcription activation domain
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6232-6243 (1994).
RN [31]; RE0003408.
RX PUBMED: 1325437.
RA Chakraborty T., Martin J. F., Olson E. N.
RT Analysis of the oligomerization of myogenin and E2A products in vivo using a two-hybrid assay system
RL J. Biol. Chem. 267:17498-17501 (1992).
RN [32]; RE0003409.
RX PUBMED: 1335366.
RA Li L., Zhou J., James G., Heller-Harrison R., Czech M. P., Olson E. N.
RT FGF inactivates myogenic helix-loop-helix proteins through phosphorylation of a conserved protein kinase C site in their DNA-binding domains
RL Cell 71:1181-1194 (1992).
RN [33]; RE0003411.
RX PUBMED: 1309591.
RA Schwarz J. J., Chakraborty T., Martin J., Zhou J., Olson E. N.
RT The basic region of myogenin cooperates with two transcription activation domains to induce muscle-specific transcription
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:266-275 (1992).
RN [34]; RE0006798.
RX PUBMED: 7589808.
RA Li L., Cserjesi P., Olson E. N.
RT Dermo-1: A novel twist-related bHLH protein expressed in the developing dermis
RL Dev. Biol. 172:280-292 (1995).
RN [35]; RE0047602.
RX PUBMED: 12207009.
RA Corbi N., Di Padova M., De Angelis R., Bruno T., Libri V., Iezzi S., Floridi A., Fanciulli M., Passananti C.
RT The alpha-like RNA polymerase II core subunit 3 (RPB3) is involved in tissue-specific transcription and muscle differentiation via interaction with the myogenic factor myogenin.
RL FASEB J. 16:1639-1641 (2002).
RN [36]; RE0047808.
RX PUBMED: 12738762.
RA Taler M., Shpungin S., Salem Y., Malovani H., Pasder O., Nir U.
RT Fer is a downstream effector of insulin and mediates the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in myogenic cells.
RL Mol. Endocrinol. 17:1580-1592 (2003).
RN [37]; RE0048828.
RX PUBMED: 15922741.
RA Yun B. G., Matts R. L.
RT Differential effects of Hsp90 inhibition on protein kinases regulating signal transduction pathways required for myoblast differentiation.
RL Exp. Cell Res. 307:212-223 (2005).
XX
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