AC T00759
XX
ID T00759
XX
DT 15.10.1992 (created); ewi.
DT 29.06.2016 (updated); mom.
CO Copyright (C), QIAGEN.
XX
FA Sp1
XX
SY simian-virus-40-protein-1; Sp1; specificity protein 1; Stimulating Protein 1; stimulatory protein 1; Transcription factor Sp1; TSFP1.
XX
OS human, Homo sapiens
OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; tetrapoda; mammalia; eutheria; primates
XX
GE G004580 SP1; HGNC: Sp1.
XX
CL C0001; CH; 2.3.1.1.1.
XX
SF Q-rich activation domain may mediate self-aggregation [69];
SF S/T-rich stretch [68];
SF base contacts arise from the second and the third zinc fingers [67];
SF Zn2+ can be substituted for Cd2+, Co2+, less favorable: Mn2+, Ni2+;
SF thionein inhibits DNA-binding;
SF Kd 0.41-0.53 nM;
SF t1/2 for binding to and dissociation from DNA < 1 min;
SF phosphorylation (DNA-dependent protein kinase);
SF homology to factors SP3 T02338 and SP4 T02339 [61];
SF possibly glycosylated [65];
SF interacts with NF-kappaB by its trans-acting domain when bound to an adjacent site [68];
SF interacts species with human, but not with Drosophila TFIID complex [71];
SF N-terminal domains A and B are sufficient for physical and functional interaction between Sp1 and c-Jun [76];
SF mouse GKLF T02450 and human Sp1 T00759 physically interact with each other and form a heterodimer;
SF the competitive effect of GKLF on the binding of Sp1 to BTE appears to be further augmented by a direct physical interaction between the two proteins [79];
SF C-terminal region is responsible for repression [87];
XX
CP (HeLa); ubiquitous [64]; H295R [113]; HP100 [85]; 16HBE14o-, HeLa, CFBE41o-, CFTE29o-, CFPAC, A549 [102]; A-549 [103]; HUVEC [104]; T47D and MDA-MB-346 [82]; MCF-7 cells [105]; MCF-7 + E2 [106].
XX
FF Calcium stimulation induces increased Sp1 level in the nucleus in normal keratinocytes (but not in keratinocytes from Hailey-Hailey disease patients) [96];
FF TPO-inducible in UT-7/TPO cells [90];
FF activator;
FF repressor [87] [88];
FF multimerization leads to superactivation;
FF effect of Sp1-sites depends on distance to TATA-box [22];
FF synergistically cooperates with E2 at BPV promoters [11];
FF highly specific cooperation with NF-kappaB [68];
FF binding inhibited by formation of triple-stranded structures [63];
FF binds to its site even when reconstituted into nucleosome cores [69];
FF affinity for nucleosomal DNA is reduced relative to naked DNA [69];
FF physically and functionally interacts with c-Jun T00133 and may recruit it to promoters without DNA binding by c-Jun [76];
FF an important regulator of keratinocyte-specific gene expression (in cooperation with AP-1 factors) [75] [77] [78];
FF important regulator of muscle-specific transcription in cooperation with myogenin (or MyoD) and SRF [80];
FF positive autoregulation: Sp1 factor activates promoter of the Sp1 gene [81];
FF repression is dependent in the DNA binding ability and may involve interaction with DNMT1 T06570 [87];
FF suggested to share binding sites with MAZ T00490 [88];
FF expression of Sp1 and Sp3 was found co-regulated in fibrosarcoma cell lines [89];
XX
IN T08146 AP-2alpha; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T14095 ATF-3; Mammalia.
IN T04074 brca1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00133 c-Jun; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T09446 c-Jun; Mammalia.
IN T18378 CBP; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T09236 Cdx-2; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T00151 CP2-isoform1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T04964 CPBP; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T06570 Dnmt1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00205 E2; BPV-1, bovine papilloma virus type 1.
IN T00241 Egr-1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T04106 HDAC1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T25625 hdac2; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T08522 HDAC4-isoform1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T01610 HIF-1alpha; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T25621 huntingtin; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T17874 LXR-alpha; Mammalia.
IN T02187 MAT1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00520 Myogenin; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T22348 NF-1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00590 NF-kappaB; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00150 NF-Y; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T01804 NF-YA; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T10617 NF-YC; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T02375 NS-1; MVM(p), minute virus of mice.
IN T01486 p107; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T21984 p300; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T05742 PR; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00722 pRb; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T19223 SALL2; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T10683 Smad2; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T04292 Smad4; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00759 Sp1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T02338 Sp3; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00798 Spt15p; yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
IN T10028 SREBP-1c; rat, Rattus norvegicus.
IN T01560 SREBP-2; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T14458 STAT3; Mammalia.
IN T02121 TAFII110; fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster.
IN T02328 TAFII135; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00782 TAFII55; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00794 TBP; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T00795 TBP; fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
IN T00796 TBP; mouse, Mus musculus.
IN T00797 TBP; fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster.
IN T02399 Vpr; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
IN T00915 YY1; human, Homo sapiens.
IN T16315 Zbtb5; human, Homo sapiens.
XX
MX M00008 V$SP1_01.
MX M01303 V$SP1_02.
MX M02281 V$SP1_03.
MX M03920 V$SP1_05.
MX M04935 V$SP1_07.
MX M04953 V$SP1_08.
MX M07226 V$SP1_09.
MX M00933 V$SP1_Q2_01.
MX M07395 V$SP1_Q2_02.
MX M07063 V$SP1_Q3.
MX M00932 V$SP1_Q4_01.
MX M00196 V$SP1_Q6.
MX M00931 V$SP1_Q6_01.
XX
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BS R40614.
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BS R61616.
BS R61617.
BS R27233.
BS R27234.
BS R33429.
BS R16683.
BS R16684.
BS R31367.
BS R34095.
BS R34096.
BS R21391.
BS R21392.
BS R42480.
BS R39358.
BS R39359.
BS R29122.
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BS R27118.
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BS R59176.
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BS R62222.
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BS R62224.
BS R67501.
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BS R28604.
BS R29666.
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BS R38375.
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BS R42028.
BS R42029.
BS R60018.
BS R60019.
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BS R39903.
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BS R42077.
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BS R29001.
BS R29002.
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BS R20817.
BS R20823.
BS R35071.
BS R61062.
BS R61063.
BS R18822.
BS R18824.
BS R22196.
BS R25718.
BS R35480.
BS R35482.
BS R36889.
BS R37282.
BS R16956.
BS R16958.
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BS R19682.
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BS R36811.
BS R61570.
BS R41798.
BS R41799.
BS R41800.
BS R01729.
BS R04756.
BS R32296.
BS R39084.
BS R39085.
BS R39089.
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BS R17102.
BS R31959.
BS R36174.
BS R21429.
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BS R62610.
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BS R08675.
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BS R29141.
BS R33440.
BS R32784.
BS R60758.
BS R61067.
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BS R68623.
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BS R37898.
BS R29726.
BS R22331.
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BS R14622.
BS R55817.
BS R39368.
BS R25419.
BS R31998.
BS R33091.
BS R33093.
BS R20618.
BS R37077.
BS R30992.
BS R59699.
BS R59702.
BS R59703.
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BS R64608.
BS R26982.
BS R37301.
BS R56723.
BS R56724.
BS R56725.
BS R69502.
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BS R69505.
BS R69506.
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BS R19464.
BS R19435.
BS R34661.
BS R21641.
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BS R61101.
BS R60782.
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BS R61234.
BS R70816.
BS R70822.
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BS R65162.
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BS R73597.
XX
DR TRANSPATH: MO000033308.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00070.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00136.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00179.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00180.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00204.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00221.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00226.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00243.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00254.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00255.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00256.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00271.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00272.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00274.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00275.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00281.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00283.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00297.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00299.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00319.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00325.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00326.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00327.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00359.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00380.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00394.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00395.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00399.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00400.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00401.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00402.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00403.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00410.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00411.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00415.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00416.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00420.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00421.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00432.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00439.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00452.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00497.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00501.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00530.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00536.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00542.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00551.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00573.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00580.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00588.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00598.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00617.
DR TRANSCOMPEL: C00633.
DR UniProtKB: P08047; SP1_HUMAN.
XX
RN [1]; RE0000010.
RX PUBMED: 1998516.
RA Thiesen H.-J., Schroeder B.
RT Amino acid substitutions in the Sp1 zinc finger domain alter the DNA binding affinity to cognate Sp1 target site
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175:333-338 (1991).
RN [2]; RE0000011.
RX PUBMED: 2025269.
RA Thiesen H.-J., Bach C.
RT Transition metals modulate DNA-protein interactions of Sp1 zinc finger domains with its cognate target site
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 176:551-557 (1991).
RN [3]; RE0000101.
RX PUBMED: 3142689.
RA Angel P., Hattori K., Smeal T., Karin M.
RT The jun proto-oncogene is positively autoregulated by its product, Jun/AP-1
RL Cell 55:875-885 (1988).
RN [4]; RE0000105.
RX PUBMED: 3040262.
RA Mitchell P., Wang C., Tjian R.
RT Positive and Negative Regulation of Transcription In Vitro: Enhancer-Binding Protein AP-2 Is Inhibited by SV40 T Antigen
RL Cell 50:847-861 (1987).
RN [5]; RE0000121.
RX PUBMED: 3142690.
RA Courey A. J., Tjian R.
RT Analysis of Sp1 in vivo reveals multiple transcriptional domains, including a novel glutamine-rich activation motif
RL Cell 55:887-898 (1988).
RN [6]; RE0000122.
RX PUBMED: 6313230.
RA Dynan W. S., Tjian R.
RT The Promoter-Specific transcription Factor Sp1 Binds to Upstream Sequences in the Sv40 Early Promoter
RL Cell 35:79-87 (1983).
RN [7]; RE0000126.
RX PUBMED: 2992804.
RA Jones K. A., Yamamoto K. R., Tjian R.
RT Two distinct transcription factors that bind to the HSV thymidine kinase promoter in vitro
RL Cell 42:559-572 (1985).
RN [8]; RE0000138.
RX PUBMED: 3319186.
RA Kadonaga J. T., Carner K. R., Masiarz F. R., Tjian R.
RT Isolation of cDNA encoding transcription factor Sp1 and functional analysis of the DNA binding domain
RL Cell 51:1079-1090 (1987).
RN [9]; RE0000182.
RX PUBMED: 2170018.
RA Jackson S. P., MacDonald J. J., Lees-Miller S., Tjian R.
RT GC box binding induces phosphorylation by a DNA-dependent protein kinase
RL Cell 63:155-165 (1990).
RN [10]; RE0000196.
RX PUBMED: 2512012.
RA Courey A. J., Holtzman D. A., Jackson S. P., Tjian R.
RT Synergistic activation by the glutamine-rich domains of human transcription factor Sp1
RL Cell 59:827-836 (1989).
RN [11]; RE0000237.
RX PUBMED: 1850324.
RA Li R., Knight J. D., Jackson S. P., Tijan R., Botchan M. R.
RT Direct interaction between Sp1 and the BPV Enhancer E2 protein mediates synergistic activation of transcription
RL Cell 65:493-505 (1991).
RN [12]; RE0000354.
RX PUBMED: 3428273.
RA Garcia J. A., Wu F. K., Mitsuyasu R., Gaynor R. B.
RT Interaction of cellular proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus
RL EMBO J. 6:3761-3770 (1987).
RN [13]; RE0000380.
RX PUBMED: 3208749.
RA Westin G., Schaffner W.
RT A zinc-responsive factor interacts with a metal-regulated enhancer element (MRE) of the mouse metallothionein-I gene
RL EMBO J. 7:3763-3770 (1988).
RN [14]; RE0000581.
RX PUBMED: 2001744.
RA Zeng J., Heuchel R., Schaffner W., Kaegi J. H. R.
RT Thionein (apometallothionein) can modulate DNA binding and transcription activation by zinc finger containing factor Sp1
RL FEBS Lett. 279:310-312 (1991).
RN [15]; RE0000692.
RX PUBMED: 2163346.
RA Saffer J. D., Jackson S. P., Thurston S. J.
RT SV40 stimulates expression of the trans-acting factor Sp1 at the mRNA level
RL Genes Dev. 4:659-666 (1990).
RN [16]; RE0000693.
RX PUBMED: 1851121.
RA Su W., Jackson S., Tjian R., Echols H.
RT DNA looping between site for transcriptional activation: self-association of DNA-bound Sp1
RL Genes Dev. 5:820-826 (1991).
RN [17]; RE0000707.
RX PUBMED: 1885006.
RA Pascal E., Tjian R.
RT Different activation domains of Sp1 govern formation of multimers and mediate transcriptional synergism
RL Genes Dev. 5:1646-1656 (1991).
RN [18]; RE0000817.
RX PUBMED: 3372525.
RA Smith J. D., Melian A., Leff T., Breslow J. L.
RT Expression of the Human Apolipoprotein E Gene is Regulated by Multiple Positive and Negative Elements
RL J. Biol. Chem. 263:8300-8308 (1988).
RN [19]; RE0000818.
RX PUBMED: 3166458.
RA Paik Y.-K., Chang D. J., Reardon C. A., Walker M. D., Taxman E., Taylor J. M.
RT Identification and Characterization of Transcriptional Regulatory Regions Associated with Expression of the Human Apolipoprotein E Gene
RL J. Biol. Chem. 263:13340-13349 (1988).
RN [20]; RE0000883.
RX PUBMED: 2808430.
RA Kim S.-J., Denhez F., Kim K. Y., Holt J. T., Sporn M. B., Roberts A. B.
RT Activation of the Second Promoter of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 Gene by Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 and Phorbol Ester Occurs through the Same Target Sequences
RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:19373-19378 (1989).
RN [21]; RE0000899.
RX PUBMED: 2547796.
RA Evans M. J., Scarpulla R. C.
RT Interaction of Nuclear Factors with Multiple Sites in the Somatic Cytochrome c Promoter
RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:14361-14368 (1989).
RN [22]; RE0000929.
RX PUBMED: 1939095.
RA Segal R., Berk A. J.
RT Promoter activity and distance constraints of one versus two Sp1 binding sites
RL J. Biol. Chem. 266:20406-20411 (1991).
RN [23]; RE0000988.
RX PUBMED: 2243103.
RA Boyer T. G., Maquat L. E.
RT Minimal sequence and factor requirements for the initiation of transcription from an atypical, TATATAA box-containing housekeeping promoter
RL J. Biol. Chem. 265:20524-20532 (1990).
RN [24]; RE0001001.
RX PUBMED: 1645728.
RA Kagawa N., Waterman M. R.
RT Evidence that an adrenal-specific nuclear protein regulates the cAMP responsiveness of the human CYP21B (P450C21) gene
RL J. Biol. Chem. 266:11199-11204 (1991).
RN [25]; RE0001013.
RX PUBMED: 1995641.
RA Araki E., Murakami T., Shirotani T., Kanai F., Shinohara Y., Shimada F., Mori M., Shichiri M., Ebina Y.
RT A cluster of four Sp1 binding sites required for efficient expression of the human insulin receptor gene
RL J. Biol. Chem. 266:3944-3948 (1991).
RN [26]; RE0001022.
RX PUBMED: 2026603.
RA Yu C.-Y., Motamed K., Chen J., Bailey A. D., Shen C.-K. J.
RT The CACC box upstream of human embryonic epsilon globin gene binds Sp1 and is a functional promoter element in vitro and in vivo
RL J. Biol. Chem. 266:8907-8915 (1991).
RN [27]; RE0001025.
RX PUBMED: 2525131.
RA Miralles V. J., Cortes P., Stone N., Reinberg D.
RT The adenovirus inverted terminal repeat functions as an enhancer in a cell-free system
RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:10763-10772 (1989).
RN [28]; RE0001242.
RX PUBMED: 2847030.
RA Johnson A. C., Jinno Y., Merlino G. T.
RT Modulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Proto-Oncogene Transcription by a promoter Site Sensitive to S1 Nuclease
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4174-4184 (1988).
RN [29]; RE0001271.
RX PUBMED: 2181288.
RA Lemaigre F. P., Lafontaine D. A., Courtois S. J., Durviaux S. M., Rousseau G. G.
RT Sp1 can displace GHF-1 from its distal binding site and stimulate transcription from the growth hormone gene promoter
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1811-1814 (1990).
RN [30]; RE0001283.
RX PUBMED: 2824993.
RA Greene J. M., Larin Z., Taylor I. C. A., Prentice H., Gwinn K. A., Kingston R. E.
RT Multiple Basal Elements of a Human hsp70 Promoter Function Differently in Human and Rodent Cell Lines
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:3646-3655 (1987).
RN [31]; RE0001374.
RX PUBMED: 2796988.
RA Gustafson T. A., Kedes L.
RT Identification of Multiple Proteins That Interact with Functional Regions of the Human Cardiac alpha-Actin Promoter
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3269-3283 (1989).
RN [32]; RE0001375.
RX PUBMED: 2677669.
RA Schmidt M. C., Zhou Q., Berk A. J.
RT Sp1 Activates Transcription without Enhancing DNA-Binding Activity of the TATA Box Factor
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3299-3307 (1989).
RN [33]; RE0001383.
RX PUBMED: 2674689.
RA Morgan W. D.
RT Transcriptional Factor Sp1 Binds to and Activates a Human hsp70 Gene Promoter
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4099-4104 (1989).
RN [34]; RE0001437.
RX PUBMED: 1688466.
RA Sykes K., Kaufman R.
RT A Naturally Occurring Gamma Globin Gene Mutation Enhances SP1 Binding Activity
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:95-102 (1990).
RN [35]; RE0001495.
RX PUBMED: 2005904.
RA Saffer J. D., Jackson S. P., Annarella M. B.
RT Developmental expression of Sp1 in the mouse
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2189-2199 (1991).
RN [36]; RE0001611.
RX PUBMED: 1672442.
RA Spanopoulou E., Giguere V., Grosveld F.
RT The functional domains of the murine Thy-1 gene promoter
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2216-2228 (1991).
RN [37]; RE0001615.
RX PUBMED: 2005889.
RA Anderson G. M., Freytag S. O.
RT Synergistic activation of a human promoter in vivo by transcription factor Sp1
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:1935-1943 (1991).
RN [38]; RE0001710.
RX PUBMED: 8114696.
RA Emili A., Greenblatt J., Ingles C. J.
RT Species-specific interaction of the glutamine-rich acitvation domains of Sp1 with the TATA box-binding protein
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1582-1593 (1994).
RN [39]; RE0001774.
RX PUBMED: 3945313.
RA Dynan W. S., Sazer S., Tjian R., Schimke R. T.
RT Transcription factor Sp1 recognizes a DNA sequence in the mouse dihydrofolate reductase promoter
RL Nature 319:246-248 (1986).
RN [40]; RE0001798.
RX PUBMED: 2993923.
RA Jones K. A., Tjian R.
RT Sp1 binds to promoter sequences and activates herpes simplex virus 'immediate-early' gene transcription in vitro
RL Nature 317:179-182 (1985).
RN [41]; RE0001813.
RX PUBMED: 3027570.
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RT Activation of transcription by two factors that bind promoter and enhancer sequences of the human metallothionein gene and SV40
RL Nature 325:368-372 (1987).
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RT Multiple specific contacts between a mammalian transcription factor and its cognate promoters
RL Nature 312:409-413 (1984).
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RL Nature 349:175-178 (1991).
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RT Identification of DNA sequences required for mouse APRT gene expression
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RT Heavy metal ions in transcription factors from HeLa cells: Sp1, but not octamer transcription factor requires zinc for DNA binding and for activator functions
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 16:5771-5781 (1988).
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RT Identification of proteins interacting with the enhancer of human U2 small nuclear RNA genes
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 15:4997-5016 (1987).
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RT Measurement of the binding of transcription factor Sp1 to a single GC box recognition sequence
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:2639-2653 (1989).
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RT The ubiquitous nuclear protein, NHP1, binds with high affinity to different sequences of the chicken vitellogenin II gene
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:8511-8520 (1989).
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RT Cytosine methylation in CTF and Sp1 recognition sites of an HSV tk promoter: effects on transcription in vivo and on factor binding in vitro
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:10179-10190 (1989).
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RT Increased Sp1 binding mediates erythroid-specific overexpression of a mutated (HPFH) gamma-globulin promoter
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:10231-10241 (1989).
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RT Target detection assay (TDA): a versatile procedure to determine DNA binding sites as demonstrated on SP1 protein
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 18:3203-3209 (1990).
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RT The binding of transcription factor SP1 to multiple sites is required for maximal expression from the rat transforming growth factor alpha promoter
RL Oncogene 7:1805-1815 (1992).
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RT Cytosine methylation does not affect binding of transcription factor Sp1
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:2066-2070 (1988).
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RT Transcription factor Sp1 recognizes promoter sequences from the monkey genome that are similiar to the simian virus 40 promoter
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:4915-4919 (1985).
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RT The chicken delta1-crystallin gene promoter: binding of transcription factor(s) to the upstream G+C-rich region is necessary for promoter function invitro
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:3131-3135 (1986).
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RT DNA looping and Sp1 multimer links: a mechanism for transcriptional synergism and enhancement
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:5670-5674 (1991).
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RA Dou Q.-P., Fridovich-Keil J. L., Pardee A. B.
RT Inducible proteins binding to the murine thymidine kinase promoter in late G1/S phase
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1157-1161 (1991).
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RA Jones K. A., Kadonaga J. T., Luciw P. A., Tjian R.
RT Activation of the AIDS retrovirus promoter by the cellular transcription factor, Sp1
RL Science 232:755-759 (1986).
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RT Binding of the Sp1 Transcription Factor by the Human Harvey ras1 Proto-oncogene Promoter
RL Science 232:1410-1413 (1986).
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RA Gidoni D., Kadonaga J. T., Barrera-Saldana H., Takahashi K., Chambon P., Tjian R.
RT Bidirectional SV40 transcription mediated by tandem Sp1 binding interactions
RL Science 230:511-517 (1985).
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RA Hagen G., Muller S., Beato M., Suske G.
RT Cloning by recognition site screening of two novel GT box binding proteins: a familiy of Sp1 related genes
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 20:5519-5525 (1992).
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RA Stroem A.-C., Forsberg M., Lillhager P., Westin G.
RT The transcription factors Sp1 and Oct-1 interact physically to regulate human U2 snRNA gene expression
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 24:1981-1986 (1996).
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RA Gee J. E., Blume S., Snyder R. C., Ray R., Miller D. M.
RT Triplex formation prevents Sp1 binding to the dihydrofolate resuctase promoter
RL J. Biol. Chem. 267:11163-11167 (1992).
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RA Avraham K. B., Prezioso V. R., Chen W. S., Lai E., Sladek F. M., Zhong W., Darnell jr J. E., Jenkins N. A., Copeland N. G.
RT Murine Chromosomal Location of Four Hepatocyte-Enriched Transcription Factors: HNF-3alpha, HNF-3beta, HNF-3gamma, and HNF-4
RL Genomics 13:264-268 (1992).
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RA Geiser A. G., Busam K. J., Kim S.-J., Lafyatis R., O'Reilly M. A., Webbink R., Roberts A. B., Sporn M. B.
RT Regulation of the transforming growth factor-beta1 and -beta3 promoters by transcription factor Sp1
RL Gene 129:223-228 (1993).
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RA Lee J.-S., Galvin K. M., Shi Y.
RT Evidence for physical interaction between the zinc-finger transcription factors YY1 and Sp1
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:6145-6149 (1993).
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RT Alteration of DNA binding specificity by nickel (II) substitution in three zinc (II) fingers of transcription factor Sp1.
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194:1515-1520 (1993).
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RA Majello B., de Luca P., Hagen G., Suske G., Lania L.
RT Different members of the Sp1 multigene family exert opposite transcriptional regulation of the long terminal repeat of HIV-1
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4914-4921 (1994).
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RA Li B., Adams C. C., Workman J. L.
RT Nucleosome binding by the constitutive transcription factor Sp1
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RT Domains of transcription factor Sp1 required for synergistic activation with sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 of low density lipoprotein receptor promoter
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:6102-6106 (1995).
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RT Expression of the gut-enriched Krueppel-like factor gene during development and intestinal tumorigenesis
RL FEBS Lett. 419:239-243 (1997).
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RT Sp1 activation of a TATA-less promoter requires a species-specific interaction involving transcription factor IID
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 26:839-846 (1998).
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RT Interaction of Sp1 with the growth- and cell cycle regulated transcription factor E2F
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1659-1667 (1996).
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RA Sartorelli V., Webster K. A., Kedes L.
RT Muscle-specific expression of the cardiac alpha-actin gene requires MyoD, CArG-box binding factor, and Sp1.
RL Genes Dev. 4:1811-1822 (1990).
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RA Banks E. B., Crish J. F., Welter J. F., Eckert R. L.
RT Characterization of human involucrin promoter distal regulatory region transcriptional activator elements-a role for Sp1 and AP1 binding sites.
RL Biochem. J. 331:61-68 (1998).
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RA Kardassis D., Papakosta P., Pardali K., Moustakas A.
RT c-Jun transactivates the promoter of the human p21(WAF1/Cip1) gene by acting as a superactivator of the ubiquitous transcription factor Sp1.
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RA Jang S. I., Steinert P. M.
RT Loricrin expression in cultured human keratinocytes is controlled by a complex interplay between transcription factors of the Sp1, CREB, AP1, and AP2 families.
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RT Induction of disease-associated keratin 16 gene expression by epidermal growth factor is regulated through cooperation of transcription factors Sp1 and c-Jun.
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RA Zhang W., Shields J. M., Sogawa K., Fujii-Kuriyama Y., Yang V. W.
RT The gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor suppresses the activity of the CYP1A1 promoter in an Sp1-dependent fashion.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 273:17917-17925 (1998).
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RA Biesiada E., Hamamori Y., Kedes L., Sartorelli V.
RT Myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins and Sp1 interact as components of a multiprotein transcriptional complex required for activity of the human cardiac alpha-actin promoter.
RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:2577-2584 (1999).
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RA Nicolas M., Noe V., Ciudad C. J.
RT Transcriptional regulation of the human Sp1 gene promoter by the specificity protein (Sp) family members nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) and E2F.
RL Biochem. J. 371:265-275 (2003).
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RA Singh J., Murata K., Itahana Y., Desprez P. Y.
RT Constitutive expression of the Id-1 promoter in human metastatic breast cancer cells is linked with the loss of NF-1/Rb/HDAC-1 transcription repressor complex.
RL Oncogene 21:1812-22 (2002).
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RA Cogan J. G., Subramanian S. V., Polikandriotis J. A., Kelm R. J. Jr, Strauch A. R.
RT Vascular Smooth Muscle alpha -Actin Gene Transcription during Myofibroblast Differentiation Requires Sp1/3 Protein Binding Proximal to the MCAT Enhancer.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 277:36433-42 (2002).
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RT Role of Ets/Id proteins for telomerase regulation in human cancer cells.
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RA Nenoi M., Ichimura S., Mita K., Yukawa O., Cartwright I. L.
RT Regulation of the catalase gene promoter by Sp1, CCAAT-recognizing factors, and a WT1/Egr-related factor in hydrogen peroxide-resistant HP100 cells.
RL Cancer Res. 61:5885-94 (2001).
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RT Increased Sp1 phosphorylation as a mechanism of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF/SF)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF/VPF) transcription.
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RT Independent repression of a GC-rich housekeeping gene by Sp1 and MAZ involves the same cis-elements.
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RA Song J., Ugai H., Ogawa K., Wang Y., Sarai A., Obata Y., Kanazawa I., Sun K., Itakura K., Yokoyama K. K.
RT Two consecutive zinc fingers in Sp1 and in MAZ are essential for interactions with cis-elements.
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RT Identification of the promoter of human transcription factor Sp3 and evidence of the role of factors Sp1 and Sp3 in the expression of Sp3 protein.
RL Gene 351C:51-59 (2005).
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RA Holmes M. L., Bartle N., Eisbacher M., Chong B. H.
RT Cloning and analysis of the thrombopoietin-induced megakaryocyte-specific glycoprotein VI promoter and its regulation by GATA-1, Fli-1, and Sp1
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RA Koga T., Suico M. A., Nakamura H., Taura M., Lu Z., Shuto T., Okiyoneda T., Kai H.
RT Sp1-dependent regulation of Myeloid Elf-1 like factor in human epithelial cells
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RA Marban C., Redel L., Suzanne S., van Lint C., Lecestre D., Chasserot-Golaz S., Leid M., Aunis D., Schaeffer E., Rohr O.
RT COUP-TF interacting protein 2 represses the initial phase of HIV-1 gene transcription in human microglial cells.
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 33:2318-2331 (2005).
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RT The high-mobility-group domain of Sox proteins interacts with DNA-binding domains of many transcription factors.
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RT Transcriptional regulation of the human beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase V gene in cancer cells: essential role of transcription factor Sp1.
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RT Functional redundancy of transcription factor-binding sites in the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) gene promoter.
RL Int. Immunol. 18:1221-1232 (2006).
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RA Kawada H., Nishiyama C., Takagi A., Tokura T., Nakano N., Maeda K., Mayuzumi N., Ikeda S., Okumura K., Ogawa H.
RT Transcriptional regulation of ATP2C1 gene by Sp1 and YY1 and reduced function of its promoter in Hailey-Hailey disease keratinocytes.
RL J. Invest. Dermatol 124:1206-1214 (2005).
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RA Piera-Velazquez S., Hawkins D. F., Whitecavage M. K., Colter D. C., Stokes D. G., Jimenez S. A.
RT Regulation of the human SOX9 promoter by Sp1 and CREB.
RL Exp. Cell Res. 313:1069-1079 (2007).
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RA Sun J. M., Chen H. Y., Moniwa M., Litchfield D. W., Seto E., Davie J. R.
RT The transcriptional repressor Sp3 is associated with CK2-phosphorylated histone deacetylase 2.
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RA TRANSFAC_Team.
RT New ChIP-on-chip data.
RL TRANSFAC Reports Rel121:0002 (2008).
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RA Shimakura J., Terada T., Shimada Y., Katsura T., Inui K.
RT The transcription factor Cdx2 regulates the intestine-specific expression of human peptide transporter 1 through functional interaction with Sp1.
RL Biochem. Pharmacol. 71:1581-1588 (2006).
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RA Deng X., Yellaturu C., Cagen L., Wilcox H. G., Park E. A., Raghow R., Elam M. B.
RT Expression of the rat sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c gene in response to insulin is mediated by increased transactivating capacity of specificity protein 1 (Sp1).
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RA Furuta T., Shuto T., Shimasaki S., Ohira Y., Suico M. A., Gruenert D. C., Kai H.
RT DNA demethylation-dependent enhancement of toll-like receptor-2 gene expression in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells involves SP1-activated transcription.
RL BMC Mol. Biol. 9:39 (2008).
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RT Sp1 is involved in the transcriptional activation of lysozyme in epithelial cells.
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 324:1302-1308 (2004).
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RA Wang J., Mahmud S. A., Bitterman P. B., Huo Y., Slungaard A.
RT Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress TF-kappaB-dependent agonist-driven tissue factor expression in endothelial cells and monocytes.
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RA Petz L. N., Ziegler Y. S., Schultz J. R., Kim H., Kemper J. K., Nardulli A. M.
RT Differential regulation of the human progesterone receptor gene through an estrogen response element half site and Sp1 sites.
RL J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 88:113-122 (2004).
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RA Dong J., Tsai-Morris C. H., Dufau M. L.
RT A novel estradiol/estrogen receptor alpha-dependent transcriptional mechanism controls expression of the human prolactin receptor.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 281:18825-18836 (2006).
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RA Okada Y., Yano K., Jin E., Funahashi N., Kitayama M., Doi T., Spokes K., Beeler D. L., Shih S. C., Okada H., Danilov T. A., Maynard E., Minami T., Oettgen P., Aird W. C.
RT A three-kilobase fragment of the human Robo4 promoter directs cell type-specific expression in endothelium.
RL Circ. Res. 100:1712-1722 (2007).
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RT Differential distribution of unmodified and phosphorylated histone deacetylase 2 in chromatin.
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RA Kiryu-Seo S., Kato R., Ogawa T., Nakagomi S., Nagata K., Kiyama H.
RT Neuronal injury-inducible gene is synergistically regulated by ATF3, c-Jun, and STAT3 through the interaction with Sp1 in damaged neurons.
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RA Markovics J. A., Araya J., Cambier S., Jablons D., Hill A., Wolters P. J., Nishimura S. L.
RT Transcription of the transforming growth factor {beta} (TGF-{beta}) activating integrin {beta}8 subunit is regulated by SP3, AP-1 and the P38 pathway.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 285:24695-24706 (2010).
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RA Abdelrahim M., Liu S., Safe S.
RT Induction of endoplasmic reticulum-induced stress genes in Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells is dependent on Sp proteins.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 280:16508-16513 (2005).
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RA Huang W., Zhao S., Ammanamanchi S., Brattain M., Venkatasubbarao K., Freeman J. W.
RT Trichostatin A induces transforming growth factor beta type II receptor promoter activity and acetylation of Sp1 by recruitment of PCAF/p300 to a Sp1.NF-Y complex.
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RA Ahlgren R., Suske G., Waterman M. R., Lund J.
RT Role of Sp1 in cAMP-dependent transcriptional regulation of the bovine CYP11A gene.
RL J. Biol. Chem. 274:19422-19428 (1999).
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